Podcast Microbiando: produção de podcast como um projeto de extensão universitária e de divulgação científica / Microbiando Podcast: creation of a podcast as an university community project and science communication tool

A divulgação científica no Brasil ganhou notoriedade e destaque na Internet nas últimas décadas, possibilitando o surgimento de diversas iniciativas como os podcasts. Neste artigo, abordamos o fluxo de produção do Podcast Microbiando, um projeto de extensão Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro na cobertura de temas da área da Microbiologia e Imunologia de forma contextualizada. Descrevemos brevemente as etapas necessárias para a produção de um episódio do Microbiando, incluindo: rotina de reuniões, produção dos roteiros, gravação dos episódios, edição, criação de artes das capas, pós-produção do episódio e divulgação. Expusemos também algumas estatísticas do Podcast Microbiando, como: quantidade de downloads, país de origem dos ouvintes, temas mais abordados e episódios mais baixados. O Podcast Microbiando é centrado na formação acadêmica dos alunos de graduação e pós-graduação que compõem o projeto de Extensão Universitária. Além disso, a equipe do Microbiando acredita que a divulgação científica é essencial na formação de cidadãos responsáveis.

Estratégias de enfrentamento para manutenção da saúde mental do trabalhador em tempos de Covid-19: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Strategies for worker's mental health maintenance in Covid-19 times: An Integrative Review

OBJETIVO: Apresentar evidências científicas de possíveis estratégias que podem ser empregadas em trabalhadores para minimização de sofrimento psíquico decorrente do contexto pandêmico. MÉTODO: Durante o mês de maio e junho de 2020 realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura científica acerca da temática em questão, sendo utilizados os descritores indexados no DeCS: estratégias de enfrentamento; infecções por coronavírus; saúde mental e trabalhadores. Para realizar a pesquisa, os descritores foram combinados nas bases de dados Pepsic, Pubmed e Scielo. RESULTADOS: Foi possível identificar as seguintes estratégias de enfrentamento de caráter preventivo: medidas de identificação precoce dos sintomas mentais, medidas regulares de descanso e treinamento de pessoal. Assim como, foi possível evidenciar medidas de promoção em saúde mental aos trabalhadores, tais como: utilização de primeiros socorros psicológicos; participação de grupos terapêuticos; gerenciamento de crises. E, na área da reabilitação em saúde mental: utilização de técnicas de meditação e mindfulness, tanto para serem executadas por profissionais de saúde, no âmbito organizacional, quanto por ações governamentais. CONCLUSÃO: Considera-se que a informação de técnicas e práticas psicológicas voltadas a saúde psíquica do trabalhador possa contribuir na identificação e controle dos riscos psicossociais e colaborar para o desenvolvimento no campo da Saúde Pública em relação aos processos de saúde-doença dos trabalhadores, em especial, dos agravos a saúde mental derivados da pandemia.

OBJECTIVE: To present scientific evidence of possible strategies that can be used in workers to minimize psychological distress resulting from the pandemic context. METHOD: During the month of May and June 2020, an integrative review of the scientific literature was carried out on the subject in question, using the descriptors indexed in the DeCS: coping strategies; coronavirus infections; mental health and workers. To carry out the research, the descriptors were combined in the Pepsic, Pubmed and Scielo databases. RESULTS: It was possible to identify the following preventive coping strategies: measures for early identification of mental symptoms, regular measures of rest and training of personnel. As well, it was possible to highlight measures to promote mental health to workers, such as: use of psychological first aid; participation of therapeutic groups; crisis management. And, in the area of mental health rehabilitation: use of meditation and mindfulness techniques, both to be performed by health professionals, at the organizational level, as well as by government actions. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the information on psychological techniques and practices aimed at the worker's psychological health can contribute to the identification and control of psychosocial risks and collaborate for the development in the field of Public Health in relation to the workers' health-illness processes, in particular, of the mental health problems resulting from the pandemic.

Latin American interventions in children and adolescents' sedentary behavior: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the effects of community-based interventions on the sedentary behavior (SB) of Latin American children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review on community-based trials to reduce and/or control SB in Latin American countries (Prospero: CRD42017072157). Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and Lilacs) and a reference lists were searched. RESULTS Ten intervention studies met the eligibility criteria and composed the descriptive synthesis. These studies were conducted in Brazil (n=5), Mexico (n=3), Ecuador (n=1) and Colombia (n=1). Most interventions were implemented in schools (n=8) by educational components, such as meetings, lessons, and seminars, on health-related subjects (n=6). Only two studies adopted specific strategies to reduce/control SB; others focused on increasing physical activity and/or improving diet. Only one study used an accelerometer to measure SB. Seven studies investigated recreational screen time. Eight studies showed statistically significant effects on SB reduction (80%). CONCLUSIONS Latin America community-based interventions reduced children and adolescents' SB. Further studies should: define SB as a primary outcome and implement strategies to reduce such behaviour; focus in different SBs and settings, other than recreational screen time or at-home sitting time; and use objective tools together with questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in.

Latin American interventions in children and adolescents' sedentary behavior: a systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate the effects of community-based interventions on the sedentary behavior (SB) of Latin American children and adolescents. METHODS A systematic review on community-based trials to reduce and/or control SB in Latin American countries (Prospero: CRD42017072157). Five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and Lilacs) and a reference lists were searched. RESULTS Ten intervention studies met the eligibility criteria and composed the descriptive synthesis. These studies were conducted in Brazil (n=5), Mexico (n=3), Ecuador (n=1) and Colombia (n=1). Most interventions were implemented in schools (n=8) by educational components, such as meetings, lessons, and seminars, on health-related subjects (n=6). Only two studies adopted specific strategies to reduce/control SB; others focused on increasing physical activity and/or improving diet. Only one study used an accelerometer to measure SB. Seven studies investigated recreational screen time. Eight studies showed statistically significant effects on SB reduction (80%). CONCLUSIONS Latin America community-based interventions reduced children and adolescents' SB. Further studies should: define SB as a primary outcome and implement strategies to reduce such behaviour; focus in different SBs and settings, other than recreational screen time or at-home sitting time; and use objective tools together with questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in.

The effects of EPA and DHA enriched fish oil on nutritional and immunological markers of treatment naïve breast cancer patients: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids enriched fish oil (FO) on nutritional and immunological parameters of treatment naïve breast cancer patients. METHODS: In a randomized double blind controlled trial, the FO group (FG) patients were supplemented with 2 g/ day of FO concentrate containing 1.8 g of n-3 fatty acids during 30 days. The placebo group (PG) received 2 g/ day of mineral oil. At baseline and after the intervention, plasma levels of n-3 fatty acids, dietary intake, weight, body composition, biochemical and immunological markers were assessed. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention period, no between group differences were observed regarding anthropometric parameters. There was a significant increase in the plasma phospholipid EPA (p = 0.004), DHA (p = 0.007) of the FG patients. In FG patients the percentages of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were maintained while in PG patients there was a significant increase in hsCRP (p = 0.024). We also observed a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (p = 0.042) of PG patients. No changes in serum proinflammatory cytokine and prostaglandin E2 levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with EPA and DHA led to a significant change in the composition of plasma fatty acids, maintained the level of CD4+ T cells and serum levels of hsCRP, suggestive of a beneficial effect on the immune system and less active inflammatory response. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC): RBR-2b2hqh. Registered 29 April 2013, retrospectively registered.

Evaluation of colostrum as an alternative biological sample for the diagnosis of human congenital toxoplasmosis.

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite able to infect a wide range of hosts, including humans. Congenital infection can cause severe damage to the fetus. Thus, it is important to detect antibodies against the parasite to confirm clinical manifestations. Considering that all immunoglobulin isotypes may be present in biological samples from newborns and their mothers, this study aimed to evaluate the ability to diagnose recent toxoplasmosis by using colostrum, as an alternative noninvasive way to obtain biological samples, as well as to determine correlation rates between antibodies from serum samples to detect IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes against T. gondii. METHODS: A total of 289 puerperal women from Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Uberlândia (mean age: 24.8 years, range: 14 - 43 years) took part in this study. Serum and colostrum samples from these patients were analyzed using ELISA and immunoblotting assays for soluble antigens from T. gondii. RESULTS: ELISA immunoassays with serum samples showed reactivity in 47.0, 6.9 and 2.8 % of samples to anti-T. gondii IgG, IgM and IgA, respectively, in comparison with colostrum samples, which showed reactivity in 46.0, 7.9 and 2.8 % of samples to the same isotypes. Also, significant correlation rates of anti-T. gondii antibody levels between serum and colostrum samples were observed. Interestingly, reactivity to IgM and/or IgA in colostrum and/or serum confirmed clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis in three newborns. Immunoblotting assays showed that it is possible to detect IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against various antigens of T. gondii in serum and colostrum samples. IgG antibodies in serum and colostrum samples recognized more antigenic fractions than IgM and IgA antibodies. Serum IgG detected more antigenic fractions than IgG antibodies present in the colostrum of the same patient. In contrast, specific IgA present in colostrum recognized a higher number of antigens than IgA present in serum samples of the same patient. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results show that it is important to investigate the occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis, even at puerperal period. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that T. gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in serum and colostrum samples from puerperal women may be detected with a significant correlation, suggesting that colostrum may also be used as an alternative biological sample to efficiently diagnose recent human toxoplasmosis.

Contagens leucocitárias e sintomas de infecções respiratórias após curto período de treinamento concorrente / Leukocyte counts and symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections after a short period of concurrent training

Introdução: Pessoas comumente iniciam a prática de exercícios por períodos não compatíveis com o nível de treinabilidade, podendo induzir diminuição da competência imunológica. Objetivos: Analisar as possíveis modulações nas contagens dos leucócitos circulantes e incidência de sintomas de infecções do trato respiratório superior, ao final de uma semana de treinamento concorrente. Métodos: Participaram dez voluntários do gênero masculino e sedentários, submetidos a uma semana de treino concorrente com cinco sessões em dias sequenciais, apresentando intensidades moderadas e duração de cem minutos. Resultados: Não foram observadas alterações nas contagens dos leucócitos. Quanto aos sintomas de infecções do trato respiratório superior, 10% dos voluntários apresentaram coriza, 20% congestão nasal e 40% dor de cabeça ao final da intervenção. Conclusões: A referida intervenção não apresenta potencial para modular negativamente as contagens dos leucócitos. Contudo, a incidência de sintomas de infecções do trato respiratório superior pode estar associada à diminuição da funcionalidade celular, possivelmente decorrente do volume delineado nas sessões.

Introduction: People often begin to practice exercises for periods not compatible with their level of trainability, and this could to induce a decrease in immune competence. Objective: To analyze the possible modulations in counts of circulating leukocytes and incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract symptoms at the end of a week of concurrent training. Methods: A total of ten volunteers and sedentary male gender underwent a week of concurrent training sessions with five sequential days, with moderate intensity and duration of hundred minutes. Results: No changes were observed in leukocyte counts. As symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, 10% of the volunteers had coryza, 20% nasal congestion, and 40% headache at the end of intervention. Conclusions: Such intervention has no potential to negatively modulate leukocyte counts. However, the incidence of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections may be associated with decreased cellular functionality, possibly due to the volume outlined in the sessions.

Fatores de risco e proteção à saúde de mulheres para prevenção do câncer uterino / Risk and protection factors for women’s health in the prevention of cervical cancer / Factores de riesgo y protección de las mujeres para prevención el cáncer cervical

Objetivou-se investigar os fatores de risco e de proteção de mulheres que acessam o serviço de saúde para realização do exame preventivo de câncer de colo uterino. Estudo quantitativo, realizado com 51 mulheres, em Teresina, PI, Brasil, em agosto de 2013. O formulário semiestruturado captou as variáveis de interesse, e os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS. Das mulheres, 72,5% tinham 25 a 39 anos; 66,7% casadas; e 55,0% acessaram o serviço para prevenção. Quanto aos fatores de risco, 41,2% apresentavam sobrepeso; 19,6% obesidade; e 72,5% eram sedentárias. Sobre o acesso ao serviço de saúde, 78,5% procuraram no último ano. O programa de rastreamento do câncer de útero deve ser abordado no contexto sociocultural, o que irá favorecer a compreensão e adesão às recomendações para realização do exame periodicamente. Recomenda-se a realização de medidas prioritárias e eficazes para melhor viabilização de políticas públicas de saúde da mulher.

This study aimed to investigate the risk and protection factors for women who access health services for the realizationof preventive screening for cervical cancer. Quantitative study conducted with 51 women in Teresina-PI, Brazil, in August2013. The semi-structured form caught the variables of interest and the data were analyzed by the SPSS. Of the women,72.5% were aged 25-39 years, 66.7% were married, and 55.0% accessed the service for prevention. With regard to the riskfactors, 41.2% were overweight, 19.6% obese, and 72.5% were sedentary. Regarding the access to health services, 78.5%sought care in the past year. The cervical cancer screening program should be discussed in the sociocultural context, whichwill promote understanding and adherence to the recommendations of take the exam periodically. For this purpose, werecommend conducting immediate and effective measures to improve the viability of public policies for women’s health.

Se objetivó investigar los factores de riesgo y de protección de mujeres que acceden al servicio de salud para realizacióndel examen preventivo de cáncer de cuello uterino. Estudio cuantitativo, realizado con 51 mujeres en Teresina, Piauí.Formulario semiestructurado captó las variables de interés siendo los datos analizados por el SPSS. De las mujeres, 72,5%tenían 25 a 39 años, 66,7% eran casadas y 55,0% accedieron al servicio para la prevención. En relación a los factores deriesgo, 41,2% presentaban sobrepeso, 19,6% obesidad, y 72,5% eran sedentarias. En cuanto al acceso al servicio de salud,78,5% procuraron el servicio en el último año. Se concluye que el programa de rastreo del cáncer de útero sea abordadoen el contexto sociocultural, lo que favorecerá la comprensión y adhesión a las recomendaciones de realizar el examenperiódicamente. Por esto, se recomienda realizar medidas inmediatas y eficaces para mejorar la viabilidad de la salud de lasmujeres de las políticas públicas.

[Preparatory courses for medical residency: students point of view]. / Cursos preparatórios para a residência médica: visão dos estudantes de medicina.

OBJECTIVE: To know the opinion of Medical interns, University of Brasilia on the preparatory courses for medical residency. METHODS: Application of a standardized questionnaire to students if the first year of internship. RESULTS: Sixty-seven of the 74 students (90.5%) of the first two semesters of internship participated. Among them, 57 (85.1%) are enrolled or intend to enroll in preparatory courses. Only 28.4% (19 students) believe that participation in these courses disrupt the activities of the internship. Participation in preparatory courses is considered crucial to the approval in the residency exams for 36 respondents (53.7%). When asked about the most important factor for the approval in the exams, 91.0% claimed to be the period of theoretical study. But when the focus of the study is professional training, 92.5% acknowledged the activities during the internship as the most important. CONCLUSION: Most students interviewed consider that participation in preparatory courses is important to be approved in the residency programs' admission exams and that this participation does not hinder the activities of the internship.

Cursos preparatórios para a residência médica: visão dos estudantes de medicina / Preparatory courses for medical residency: students point of view

OBJETIVO: Conhecer a opinião dos alunos do internato do Curso de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília sobre os cursos preparatórios para a residência médica. MÉTODOS: Aplicação de questionário padronizado aos alunos do primeiro ano do internato RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 67 dos 74 alunos (90,5 por cento) dos dois primeiros semestres do internato. Dentre eles, 57 (85,1 por cento) estão matriculados ou pretendem matricular-se em cursos preparatórios. Apenas 28,4 por cento (19 alunos) acreditam que a participação nestes cursos atrapalhe as atividades do internato. A participação nos cursos preparatórios é considerada crucial para a aprovação nas provas de residência médica por 36 entrevistados (53,7 por cento). Quando questionados quanto ao fator mais importante para a aprovação na prova de residência, 91,0 por cento afirmaram ser o período de estudo teórico. Já quando o enfoque do estudo é a formação profissional, 92,5 por cento reconheceram serem mais importantes as atividades desenvolvidas durante o internato. CONCLUSÃO: A maior parte dos alunos entrevistados considera que a participação em cursos preparatórios é importante para a aprovação nas provas para ingresso nos programas de residência médica e que esta participação não atrapalha as atividades do internato.

OBJECTIVE: To know the opinion of Medical interns, University of Brasilia on the preparatory courses for medical residency. METHODS: Application of a standardized questionnaire to students if the first year of internship. RESULTS: Sixty-seven of the 74 students (90.5 percent) of the first two semesters of internship participated. Among them, 57 (85.1 percent) are enrolled or intend to enroll in preparatory courses. Only 28.4 percent (19 students) believe that participation in these courses disrupt the activities of the internship. Participation in preparatory courses is considered crucial to the approval in the residency exams for 36 respondents (53.7 percent). When asked about the most important factor for the approval in the exams, 91.0 percent claimed to be the period of theoretical study. But when the focus of the study is professional training, 92.5 percent acknowledged the activities during the internship as the most important. CONCLUSION: Most students interviewed consider that participation in preparatory courses is important to be approved in the residency programs' admission exams and that this participation does not hinder the activities of the internship.

Miltefosine induces programmed cell death in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes.

In the current study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of miltefosine, which is the first effective and safe oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis, in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Miltefosine induced a process of programmed cell death, which was determined by the externalization of phosphatidylserine, the incorporation of propidium iodide, cell-cycle arrest at the sub-G0/G1 phase and DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosome-sized fragments. Despite the intrinsic variation that is detected in Leishmania spp, our results indicate that miltefosine causes apoptosis-like death in L. amazonensis promastigote cells using a similar process that is observed in Leishmania donovani.

Miltefosine induces programmed cell death in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes

In the current study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of miltefosine, which is the first effective and safe oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis, in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Miltefosine induced a process of programmed cell death, which was determined by the externalization of phosphatidylserine, the incorporation of propidium iodide, cell-cycle arrest at the sub-G0/G1 phase and DNA fragmentation into oligonucleosome-sized fragments. Despite the intrinsic variation that is detected in Leishmania spp, our results indicate that miltefosine causes apoptosis-like death in L. amazonensis promastigote cells using a similar process that is observed in Leishmania donovani.